Long-term energy system planning considering short-term operational constraints

Long-term planning models give an insight into possible energy scenarios and do not examine technologies in detail.

Renewable energy sources have spatial and temporal intermittency that causes challenges for short-term system operations.

Including operational details of generators directly in a planning model reduces intricacy of handling separate models.

Operational constraints increase usage of conventional generators and reduce overall capacity needs in planning model.

Higher operational flexibility of conventional generators allows greater renewable penetration and reduces storage needs.