The study of networks has grown recently, but most existing models fail to capture the costs or loss of value of exclusion from the network. Intuitively, as a network grows in size and value, those outside the network face growing disparities. We present a new framework for modeling network exclusion, showing that costs of exclusion can be absolute, and might, at the extreme, eventually grow exponentially, regardless of underlying network structure.

This article provides technology options for the treatment of Faecal Sludge (FS) in developing countries to minimise exposure to FS and assesses its benefits along with possible revenue generation from reuse. FS that is collected from septic tanks poses management challenges in urban areas of developing countries. Currently, FS is dumped into the urban and peri-urban environment, posing great risks to the soil, surface water and groundwater quality.

With millions of refugees pouring into countries in Europe, renewed attention is being paid to those who are displaced. This article combines some of the current lessons learned from Europe with previous studies on migration related to climate change and provides recommendations to be included in policy. Preparation in advance, regional agreements, and mechanisms for better integration of those who are displaced are highlighted.

The annual consumption of petroleum products in India was about 221 million metric tons in 2015. Of this, 84% was imported. The Indian industrial sector accounts for about 16%–20% of the total fuel consumption for thermal energy for different heating applications in the temperature range of 50°C–250 °C. Solar collectors can meet these temperature requirements and offer the possibility to mitigate the consumption of oil.

This study placed improving quality of life at the centre of India's national climate policy and asked what happens to greenhouse gas emissions with such an approach. Using bottom-up scenario analyses, the sectoral interventions modelled in this research demonstrate that it is possible to get close to achieving the country's climate targets while improving quality of life at the same time. 

Solar tower technology has gained considerable momentum over the past decade. In a solar tower plant, a single receiver is used and the power collected by the heliostat field is strongly coupled to the tower height and its location with respect to the field. The literature available focuses largely on the component-level details of the heliostat field, ray-tracing mechanisms, receiver heat transfer analyses, etc.

High energy density Li-rich layered cathode materials suffer from structural instability at high voltage. It is known that oxygen stability influence the structural stability of Li2MO3 (M=Co/Mn/Ni). Oxygen stability with partial de-lithiation has not been clarified in presence of multiple d-orbital elements. This work presents density functional theory based study of Li1.17Ni0.17Mn0.67O2. In the series of Li-rich compounds, end point material is Li2MnO3, in which oxidation of Mn4+ compensates with oxidation of O2- to O2 while charging.

The Indian mobile telecom industry, one of the fastest growing sectors in India, had 5843 million subscribers in 2010-11 registering an annual growth rate of 4915%. The energy consumed by the sector was 163 PJ and the corresponding CO2 emission was estimated at 329 million tons. In this paper, the mobile telecom industry is dis-aggregated into various segments, based on the life-cycle of the device, and each segment’s contribution to the overall energy consumption and its respective CO2 emissions are discussed.

We have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the structure and dynamics of the ionic solvation shells of alkali ions and halide ions in aqueous solution. Several structural and dynamical properties such as radial distribution functions (RDFs), diffusivity, velocity autocorrelation function (VACF), etc. are computed to obtain a microscopic picture of solvation.

Agricultural policies in India directly impact the livelihoods of close to two thirds of India’s population. Through policies, the