A social accounting matrix (SAM) can be used to estimate key macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP), gross value added (GVA), material input intensity, labour and capital intensity, average savings rate, per capita income of households, etc. They can also serve as a database for more complex models like the multiplier and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models.

The Indian power sector has witnessed substantial growth in generation capacity, with 420 GW (as of May 2024) meeting the energy needs of more than 1.4 billion people. The growth has been primarily driven by policy reforms such as the Electricity Act, 2003, and efficiency improvements. However, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) predicted a night-time peak shortage of 14 GW in June 2024.