Air pollution is a major problem plaguing our nation. It is not just a Delhi problem or an urban problem but even the residents of Bengaluru are exposed to outdoor fine particulate mass levels far above the World Health Organization guidelines. The crores of households cooking with wood, dung, and charcoal are routinely exposed to hazardous indoor air pollution, which eventually escapes the house and contributes to outdoor air pollution. The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) has made significant financial allotments to reduce PM10, and many cities seem to have made progress.

Urbanisation is reshaping human settlements at an unprecedented pace, creating a complex interplay of identities, cultural practices, resources, and values within urban spaces. As India progresses towards becoming a developed nation, it is vital to ensure that every citizen enjoys a dignified life amidst this transformation. Currently, Indian

The global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels continue to rise, driven by rising energy use. Rooftop photovoltaic (RTPV) systems are an effective way to reduce emissions and, consequently, the carbon footprint for residential consumers. The use of behind-the-metre (BTM) energy storage with RTPV is a flexible and dependable method for generating electricity as it provides power to the customer even if there is an outage from the utility grid. It also reduces reliance on the utility through savings in the electricity bill and reducing CO2 emissions.

Achieving low energy demand in buildings is crucial in climate change mitigation. In the Global South, however, reducing the energy demand blanketly is not advisable due to critical gaps in access to the basic services supporting Decent Living Standards (DLS). Current energy demand scenarios mostly overlook achievement of DLS. Furthermore, model limitations in representing distributional aspects hinder modelling future energy demands to meet DLS.