The threat of climate change is a serious global concern. India faces the twin challenges of adaptation and mitigation. As a country with many critical sectors and regions that are highly climate sensitive, there are significant costs associated with addressing the impacts of climate variability and future climate change. The National Action on Climate Change has set up an Expert Group to evolve Low Carbon Strategies for Inclusive Growth.

Under National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE), Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) is one of the flagship programmes launched by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Ministry of Power and Government of India to enhance the cost effectiveness of the improvements in Energy Efficiency (EE) in energy-intensive large industries (known as Designated Consumers or DCs). The identified cement DCs have a minimum annual energy consumption equivalent to 30,000 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) or above.

An initiative was taken by Ministry of Mines to review the status of the availability of rare earths and energy-critical elements with regard to their status in exploration, extraction and processing technologies along with CSTEP. This report reviews India’s production, consumption and reserves, and also suggests policy initiatives and interventions required from the government for the growth of this sector. 

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants require Direct Normal Solar Irradiance (DNI) data for both design and operation. The availability of DNI data, especially with closer time intervals, until 2010-12 was scarce. However, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) published a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data on Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI). The study developed a methodology to use these GHI and DHI data and arrive at DNI.

The Indian nuclear energy programme is at crossroads with several alternative pathways of industrial development potentially open to it. These possibilities include options for technology selection and development, as well as for organising the efforts of the state-owned entities and private companies. The nuclear energy programme also sets and aspires to target installed capacity through mid-century.

On a per capita basis, India is one of the lowest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world, yet it is threatened by the impact of global warming and climate change. The Expert Group on Low Carbon Strategies for Inclusive Growth has evolved a macro-model to fully elucidate the inter-sectoral implications of different mitigation measures and ensure that the low carbon strategies being recommended are mutually consistent with each other. The model output is summarised through two endpoint scenarios: BIG (Baseline, Inclusive Growth) and LCIG (Low Carbon, Inclusive Growth).